![]() The deep interior regions of Jupiter and Saturn produce the pressure conditions to produce this liquid metallic state. ![]() When extremely compressed, hydrogen takes on the characteristics of a liquid metal. Experimental results from four recent research reports on the determination of the density/temperature relationship of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). Hydrogen is in the same vertical column as the alkali metals, but under conditions occurring on the earth it is a gas. Since it requires energy to separate hycrogen, its real potential is as a storage medium for energy processes like electrolysis of water can produce hydrogen for storage as a fuel. Hydrogen burns in oxygen or air with an almost colorless flame and has potential as a fuel. It has been used as a cooling gas around the armatures of large electric generators. Hydrogen has a higher thermal conductivity and lower viscosity than other gases and is sometimes used in closed systems for the rapid removal of heat. Large amounts of hydrogen are used in industry in converting oils (liquid fats) into solid fats for the production of foodstuffs and soaps. Crystalline solid hydrogen at 0.088 gm/cm 3 is the lightest of all crystalline substances (lighter than a marshmallow!). As might be expected, liquid hydrogen at a density of 0.07 gm/cm 3 is the lightest of all liquids. It's melting point (14 K) and boiling point (20.3 K) are lower than any other element except helium. The lightest of the gases, hydrogen's density is one-fourteenth that of air. There are more compounds of hydrogen known than any other element, the most important being water. Hydrogen is found in most of the substances which constitute living matter. Hydrogen also exists as tritium with a proton and two neutrons but is unstable with a halflife of 12.32 years. The measured binding energy of the deuteron is 2.2 MeV. It's stability is remarkable since the free neutron is unstable, undergoing beta decay with a halflife of 10.3 minutes. There are two main factors that make ocean water more or less dense than about 1027 kg/m 3: the temperature of the water and the salinity of the water.Ocean water gets more dense as temperature goes down. Deuterium as an isotope of hydrogen has an abundance of 1.5 x 10 -4 compared to 0.99985 for ordinary hydrogen. The density of pure water is 1000 kg/m 3.Ocean water is more dense because of the salt in it.Density of ocean water at the sea surface is about 1027 kg/m 3. The nucleus of ordinary hydrogen consists of a single proton, but it also occurs as deuterium with a proton and a neutron. The hydrogen-helium abundance ratio is an important clue to the cosmological process. ![]() Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. Table of Density of Water (g/cm3 and lbs/ft3) as a Function of Temperature (degrees C and F) at standard sea-level atmospheric pressure 32/0, 0.99987, 62.416.
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